ABSTRACT Introduction: The training should be performed according to the characteristics of basketball by establishing a scientific evaluation index system to fully exploit the potential of its players. Objective: Evaluate the index system for measuring physical training specific to basketball players. Methods: The physical training evaluation indexes of athletes were studied by checking the scientific literature and mathematical statistics, and an evaluation index for the physical training of young basketball players was designed and experimented. Results: The highest proportion of the special fitness score in athletic average was 46.25%; the proportion of the players’ general fitness score represented 15% above and 13.75% below. The specific fitness level of basketball players is mainly at the average level. Conclusion: The effects of training can be effectively evaluated by the experienced index system, and it is useful for athletes to find deficiencies, make full use of their potential, improve skills and adapt basketball tactics. It may also provide more reserve talent for professional basketball. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMEN Introducción: El entrenamiento debe realizarse de acuerdo con las características del baloncesto estableciendo un sistema de índices de evaluación científica para explotar plenamente el potencial de sus jugadores. Objetivo: Evaluar el sistema de índices de medición del entrenamiento físico específico para jugadores de baloncesto. Métodos: Se estudiaron los índices de evaluación del entrenamiento físico de los deportistas mediante la comprobación de la literatura científica y la estadística matemática, y se diseñó y experimentó un índice de evaluación del entrenamiento físico de los jóvenes jugadores de baloncesto. Resultados: La proporción más alta de la puntuación de la aptitud física especial en la media atlética fue del 46,25%; la proporción de la puntuación de la aptitud física general de los jugadores representó un 15% por encima y un 13,75% por debajo, el nivel de aptitud física específica de los jugadores de baloncesto está principalmente en el nivel medio. Conclusión: Los efectos del entrenamiento pueden evaluarse eficazmente mediante el sistema de índice de experiencia, y es útil para que los deportistas encuentren las deficiencias, aprovechen al máximo su propio potencial, mejoren las habilidades y adapten las tácticas de baloncesto. También puede proporcionar más talentos de reserva para el baloncesto profesional. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução: O treinamento deve ser realizado de acordo com as características do basquetebol estabelecendo um sistema de índice de avaliação científica para explorar plenamente o potencial de seus jogadores. Objetivo: Avaliar o sistema de índices de medição do treinamento físico específico para os jogadores de basquetebol. Métodos: Os índices de avaliação do treinamento físico dos atletas foram estudados verificando a literatura científica e estatísticas matemáticas, um índice de avaliação para o treinamento físico de jovens jogadores de basquetebol foi projetado e experimentado. Resultados: A maior proporção da pontuação da aptidão física especial na média atlética foi de 46,25%; a proporção da pontuação da aptidão física geral dos jogadores representou 15% acima e 13,75% abaixo, o nível de aptidão física específica dos jogadores de basquetebol está principalmente no nível mediano. Conclusão: Os efeitos do treinamento podem ser efetivamente avaliados pelo sistema de índice experimentado, sendo útil para que os atletas possam encontrar deficiências, aproveitar plenamente seu próprio potencial, melhorar as habilidades e adaptar as táticas do basquetebol. Também poderá fornecer mais talentos de reserva para o basquetebol profissional. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMO Introdução: O treino excessivo no futebol é causado por um desequilíbrio entre a carga corporal, o estresse e a recuperação. O treinamento físico não científico de alto volume e as partidas contínuas de futebol de alta intensidade costumam ser as principais razões do treinamento excessivo dos atletas. Objetivo: Este artigo explora as características das mudanças de função física dos jogadores de futebol durante um ciclo completo de treinamento. Métodos: Usamos métodos experimentais para analisar as mudanças nas características de carga física de jogadores de futebol durante o treinamento de alta intensidade. Resultados: Os indicadores de creatina quinase, nitrogênio da ureia sanguínea e transporte de oxigênio não significativamente durante o treinamento de futebol. A testosterona e o cortisol aumentam gradualmente com o aumento da carga dos exercícios. Conclusões: No treinamento de futebol, precisamos organizar razoavelmente o volume total do exercício, sua intensidade e o tempo de intervalo dos atletas, de acordo com a adaptabilidade física e habilidade atlética do treinador, e com medidas de recuperação nutricional e de entusiasmo. Esses métodos podem melhorar ou aprimorar a função física dos jogadores de futebol. Nível de Evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Overtraining in football is caused by an imbalance between body load, stress, and recovery. High-volume non-scientific physical training and continuous high-intensity football matches are often the main reasons for the overtraining of athletes. Objective: This article explores the characteristics of the changes in physical function of football players during a complete training cycle. Methods: We use experimental methods to analyze the changes in the physical load characteristics of football players during high-intensity training. Results: Creatine kinase, urea nitrogen, and oxygen transport indicators did not change significantly during football training. Testosterone and cortisol will gradually increase with an increase of exercise load. Conclusion: In football training, we need to reasonably arrange the total exercise volume, exercise intensity, and exercise interval time of the athletes according to the trainer’s physical adaptability and athletic ability, supplemented with nutrition and enthusiasm recovery measures. These methods can improve or enhance the physical function of football players. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción: El sobreentrenamiento en el fútbol es causado por un desequilibrio entre la carga corporal, el estrés y la recuperación. El entrenamiento físico de alto volumen no científico y los partidos de fútbol continuos de alta intensidad suelen ser las principales razones del sobreentrenamiento de los atletas. Objetivo: Este artículo explora las características de los cambios en la función física de los jugadores de fútbol durante un ciclo completo de entrenamiento. Métodos: Utilizamos métodos experimentales para analizar los cambios en las características de la carga física de los jugadores de fútbol durante el entrenamiento de alta intensidad. Resultados: Los indicadores de creatina quinasa, nitrógeno ureico en la sangre y transporte de oxígeno no fueron significativos durante el entrenamiento. La testosterona y el cortisol aumentan gradualmente con el aumento de la carga de ejercicios. Conclusiones: En el entrenamiento de fútbol, se debe organizar razonablemente el volumen total de ejercicios, la intensidad y el tiempo de intervalo de los atletas en función del acondicionamiento físico y la capacidad atlética del entrenador, y con medidas de recuperación nutricional y de entusiasmo. Estos métodos pueden mejorar o potenciar la función física de los jugadores de fútbol. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO: Para a detecção não destrutiva de estresse hídrico da alface, espectroscopia no domínio do tempo em terahertz (THz-TDS) foi usada para analisar quantitativamente o conteúdo de água na alface. Quatro gradientes de conteúdo de água de alface foram usados. Os dados espectrais da alface foram coletados por um sistema THz-TDS e denoised usando o derivado S-G, Savitzky-Golay (S-G) suavização e filtragem de normalização. O efeito de ajuste do método de pré-tratamento foi melhor do que o do ajuste de regressão, e o efeito de ajuste da derivada S-G foi obtido. Em seguida, um conjunto de calibração e um conjunto de verificação foram divididos pelo algoritmo Kennan-Stone, particionamento do conjunto de amostra com base no algoritmo de distância X-Y conjunta (SPXY) e o algoritmo de amostragem aleatória (RS), e os parâmetros de RS foram otimizados por ajuste de regressão. A amostragem adaptativa de estabilidade competitiva reponderada, variáveis de informação retidas iterativamente e otimização de combinação de intervalo foram usadas para selecionar comprimentos de onda característicos e, em seguida, a projeção contínua foi usada com base nos três algoritmos acima. Depois que o algoritmo de projeção sucessivo foi reprojetado, a regressão de mínimos quadrados parcial foi usada na modelagem. Os coeficientes de regressão R2 e erro quadrático médio (RMSEP) atingem 0,8962 e 412,50%, respectivamente, e R2 e RMSEP do conjunto de verificação são 0,8757 e 528,93%, respectivamente.

ABSTRACT: For non-destructive detection of water stress in lettuce, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) was used to quantitatively analyze water content in lettuce. Four gradient lettuce water contents were used . Spectral data of lettuce were collected by a THz-TDS system, and denoised using the S-G derivative, Savitzky-Golay (S-G) smoothing and normalization filtering. The fitting effect of the pretreatment method was better than that of regression fitting, and the S-G derivative fitting effect was obtained. Then a calibration set and a verification set were divided by the Kennan-Stone algorithm, sample set partitioning based on joint X-Y distance (SPXY) algorithm, and the random sampling (RS) algorithm, and the parameters of RS were optimized by regression fitting. The stability competitive adaptive reweighted sampling, iteratively retained information variables and interval combination optimization were used to select characteristic wavelengths, and then continuous projection was used on basis of the three algorithms above. After the successive projection algorithm was re-screened, partial least squares regression was used into modeling. The regression coefficients Rc 2 and RMSEC reach 0.8962 and 412.5% respectively, and Rp 2 and RMSEP of the verification set are 0.8757 and 528.9% respectively.

ABSTRACT Phosphorus deficiency can lead to serious reductions in crop yield and quality. Rapid and accurate determination of phosphorus stress status in vegetables is essential for ensuring the appropriate application of water and fertiliser, improving the yield and quality of vegetables, avoiding the waste of resources and serious non-point pollution source caused by the abuse of chemical fertilisers, and promoting green production and sustainability of facility agriculture. Chemical analysis and spectral or visual imaging methods for detection of phosphorus nutritional status are not conducive in facility production owing to their low accuracy and damage to plants. Owing to its penetration and fingerprint characteristics, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) can distinguish differences in internal components caused by excess phosphorus nutrients and changes in nucleic acids, nuclear proteins, phospholipids, and other macromolecules; thus, it could potentially be used to evaluate the nutritional status of crops. In this study, an innovative THz-TDS-based method was used to detect the nutritional status of phosphorus in lettuce. Lettuce was grown with different phosphorus levels using soilless cultivation and different nutrient solutions. Based on the standard formula of Yamasaki nutrient solution, the phosphorus content in the nutrient solutions was reduced or increased by 20%, 60%, 100%, and 150%, and lettuce samples exposed to each of these phosphorus concentrations were collected. Terahertz spectra are highly sensitive to water; thus, the lettuce samples were freeze-dried to minimise the effect of water and maintain their original quality and bioactivity. The spectra of lettuce were recorded using a TS7400 THz-TDS system; noise and interference were eliminated via normalisation based on Savitzky-Golay smoothing. The correction and validation sets were divided using sample set partitioning based on the joint x-y distance (SPXY). The stability competitive adaptive reweighted algorithm, iterative retention information variable algorithm, and interval combination optimisation algorithm were used to select the terahertz characteristic wavelength, and the successive projection algorithm was then used for secondary optimisation. Finally, a THz-TDS model of lettuce phosphorus was established using the partial least squares method with five principal component variables. The coefficient of determination of the model reached 0.7005, and the root-mean-square error of the predictions was 0.003273, indicating that this method has a high prediction accuracy.

Abstract This case study explored how student writers interact with teaching based on systemic functional linguistics (SFL) and with teacher-written feedback. The data used in the study consisted of English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) students’ interviews, written documents, and teacher-written feedback collected at a Chinese university writing classroom over one academic year. The qualitative analysis of the study data showed that through the instruction of SFL, the students came to understand and practice writing as a meaning-making process although their understanding and practice of such were constrained by diverse factors (e.g., the difficulty of the new knowledge and genre-specific demands). More importantly, the SFL-based teacher-written feedback gradually helped enhance the students’ understanding of SFL’s meaning making as well as their follow-up management of contextually appropriate language resources in refining their written compositions. The study concluded that despite the challenges involved, integrating SFL-based teaching with teacher-written feedback seemed to help the students in the study re-conceptualize their writing and navigate writing effectively as a meaning-making process.

Resumen En el presente estudio se investigó la forma en que los estudiantes interactuaban con la enseñanza basada en la lingüística funcional sistémica (SFL) y con las retroalimentaciones por escrito del maestro. Los datos utilizados en el presente estudio consistieron en entrevistas con estudiantes de inglés como lengua extranjera (EFL), documentos escritos y retroalimentaciones por escrito del maestro reunidos durante un año académico en la clase de redacción en una universidad de China. El análisis cualitativo de los datos del estudio indicó que, bajo la orientación de la SFL, los estudiantes empezaron a comprender y practicar la escritura como un proceso de creación de significado, a pesar de que su comprensión y práctica se vieron limitados por diversos factores (por ejemplo, la dificultad de adquirir nuevos conocimientos y demandas específicas). Lo que es más importante, las retroalimentaciones presentadas por escrito del maestro basadas en la SFL ayudaron gradualmente a mejorar la comprensión de los estudiantes sobre la creación de significado de la SFL, así como su gestión de seguimiento de los recursos lingüísticos contextualmente apropiados para refinar sus composiciones escritas. El presente estudio llegó a la conclusión de que, a pesar de los problemas, parecía que la combinación de la enseñanza basada en la SFL y las retroalimentaciones escritas del maestro ayudaron a los estudiantes a reconceptualizar su escritura y orientarla a un proceso de creación de significado.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of simultaneous treatment of parapelvic renal cysts and stones by flexible ureterorenoscopy with a novel four-step cyst localization strategy in selected patients. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 11 consecutive cases of parapelvic renal cysts with concomitant calculi treated by flexible ureterorenoscopy and laser lithotripsy (FURSL). Marsupialization was performed subsequently with holmium: YAG laser in our institution. Fragmentation was used to manage renal stones and a novel four-step cyst localization strategy was applied in each case for marsupialization. Results: There were no intraoperative complications. Two cases of cystitis were reported postoperatively. The mean operative times of FURSL and marsupialization were 23.6 ± 3.9 minutes and 29.1 ± 9.7 minutes, respectively. During marsupialization, seven patients underwent the first two steps of the new strategy, two patients underwent three steps and two patients underwent all four steps. The mean reduction in hemoglobin level was 4.7 ± 1.7 g / L (range 3-8 g / L). The mean length of hospital stay was 1.2 ± 0.4 days. During a mean follow-up duration of 18 months, all cases remained stone-free and there was no stone recurrence. Parapelvic cysts became undetectable in eight cases and decreased in size by at least half in three cases. Conclusion: With appropriate patient selection, FURSL and marsupialization with a four-step cyst localization strategy is feasible, safe, and effective in treating parapelvic renal cysts with concomitant calculi.

This study reports on how an urban teacher relied on herself and harnessed performance-based pedagogy in developing her students' moral awareness over one academic year. Drawing on qualitative analyses of the teacher and students' reflections, interviews, as well as students' performance, the study shows that the teacher's reliance on her own agency in designing a performance-based curriculum counteracted teaching constraints in her workplace. In addition, performance, enacted through engaging students in performing exaggerated bodily activities enabled them to critically reflect upon existing or potential moral issues in their lives and guided their follow-up behaviours. The study concludes the importance of synergising teachers' self-agency with arts-based education in raising students' moral awareness, especially in similarly constrained contexts.